Unfortunately, I don't know much about how to tell thread sizes. I got LOTS of spools with my machine, and have not needed to seek out more. The labels on the spools have lots of numbers, and I don't know which numbers designate the size. One spool says "size FF", whatever that means, and some say M 138 BS CLASS A, some seem to be lighter and say 69. Some say VT-295-E, and some say SIZE 'E'. All that I have is Nylon. I just use whatever seems to work best.
I gather there are several different size systems for thread, and the charts I have found are not much help in determining what I have. Anyhow, perhaps Wizcrafts or Sewmun can enlighten us on how to decypher thread labels. It is just as confusing as understanding the various needle size systems, (which I finally figured out, at least for what I use). However, I have no difficulty at all in sewing 3/8ths of an inch thickness of leather with my machine, and a full 1/2 inch if I'm careful.
From my experience, the 42-5 is a great machine, once you learn it's capabilities and limitations and work within those parameters.