When you say you want to have a stamp cast are you thinking of the molten metal kind of casting? the stamps I have made have all been filed and sawed out of Stainless steel bolts. I did do a makers mark for a friend out of bronze using the lost wax casting method, (make a wax pattern, bed it in investment compound (hi tech plaster) heat the mold to remove the wax and pour in the molten bronze.
I would think that if your stamp has to be cast you would be looking at bronze, something that any person doing lost wax casting would be capable of, would give you the best detail, high strength and probably the simplest. Casting iron and steel are something I am not familiar with, and uses a sand mold which would not have as much detail. There is a ceramic shell casting method for steel, but it is used by the very large commercial foundries and beyond the capabilities of us hobby metal workers...